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sst2  (Galectin Therapeutics)

 
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    Structured Review

    Galectin Therapeutics sst2
    Sst2, supplied by Galectin Therapeutics, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/sst2/pmc13260791-36-16-17
    Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
    sst2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    86/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Biomarker Discovery:

    Article Title: Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers—A Translational Perspective
    Article Snippet: .. In our incident T2D cohort, higher Galectin-3, sST2, and GDF-15 tracked with greater EAT burden, inflammatory milieu, and early ventricular remodeling, consistent with biomarker elevation preceding overt dysfunction in metabolically at-risk individuals. .. Additional signals related to hepatic stress (e.g., GGT), lipoprotein quality/function (e.g., LDL particle size, sLRP1), and adipokine-inflammation pathways (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, IL-6) further suggest a multisystem fingerprint that may help anticipate EAT expansion and downstream HF risk in T2D. illustrates a hypothetical framework in which EAT-related imaging findings are complemented by circulating biomarkers (sST2, Galectin-3, GDF-15, or others) to refine early risk stratification.

    Article Title: Toward Precision in Myocardial Injury Management: A Critical Synthesis and the C.A.L.I.B.R.A.T.E. Framework for Biomarker Integration
    Article Snippet: .. ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines multi-marker approach , NPs for diagnosis/prognosis; troponins for risk stratification; consideration of sST2, galectin-3 as adjuncts , Risk stratification and prognostication in chronic and acute HF , Does not provide structured cognitive framework for integration; therapeutic actionability of novel markers remains unclear , Provides structured, stepwise reasoning pathway (C → A → L → I → B → R → A → T → E); mandates Adjunctive Test integration; emphasizes Time kinetics. .. JACC heart failure multi-biomarker panels , Panels combining NPs, troponins, sST2, galectin-3, GDF-15 , Refined prognostic stratification; identification of high-risk phenotypes , Prognostic but not diagnostic; lacks therapeutic guidance; cost-effectiveness concerns , Focuses on diagnostic phenotyping and mechanism identification (“I” component); bridges diagnosis and therapy through contextual synthesis.

    Article Title: Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers-A Translational Perspective.
    Article Snippet: .. As a provisional research framework, we propose a functional biomarker hierarchy in which sST2 reflects dynamic myocardial stress and remodeling, Galectin-3 denotes residual fibrotic activity, and GDF-15 serves as a systemic stress and adaptation index. ..

    Article Title: Toward Precision in Myocardial Injury Management: A Critical Synthesis and the C.A.L.I.B.R.A.T.E. Framework for Biomarker Integration
    Article Snippet: ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines multi-marker approach , NPs for diagnosis/prognosis; troponins for risk stratification; consideration of sST2, galectin-3 as adjuncts , Risk stratification and prognostication in chronic and acute HF , Does not provide structured cognitive framework for integration; therapeutic actionability of novel markers remains unclear , Provides structured, stepwise reasoning pathway (C → A → L → I → B → R → A → T → E); mandates Adjunctive Test integration; emphasizes Time kinetics. .. JACC heart failure multi-biomarker panels , Panels combining NPs, troponins, sST2, galectin-3, GDF-15 , Refined prognostic stratification; identification of high-risk phenotypes , Prognostic but not diagnostic; lacks therapeutic guidance; cost-effectiveness concerns , Focuses on diagnostic phenotyping and mechanism identification (“I” component); bridges diagnosis and therapy through contextual synthesis. .. HEART Score/EDACS , Clinical variables (History, ECG, Age, Risk factors) ± troponin , Risk stratification for suspected ACS in emergency department , Designed for ACS risk stratification only; does not incorporate multi-marker integration or imaging , Incorporates full spectrum of myocardial injury etiologies; integrates multi-modal data including advanced imaging.

    Metabolic Labelling:

    Article Title: Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers—A Translational Perspective
    Article Snippet: .. In our incident T2D cohort, higher Galectin-3, sST2, and GDF-15 tracked with greater EAT burden, inflammatory milieu, and early ventricular remodeling, consistent with biomarker elevation preceding overt dysfunction in metabolically at-risk individuals. .. Additional signals related to hepatic stress (e.g., GGT), lipoprotein quality/function (e.g., LDL particle size, sLRP1), and adipokine-inflammation pathways (adiponectin, leptin, resistin, apelin, IL-6) further suggest a multisystem fingerprint that may help anticipate EAT expansion and downstream HF risk in T2D. illustrates a hypothetical framework in which EAT-related imaging findings are complemented by circulating biomarkers (sST2, Galectin-3, GDF-15, or others) to refine early risk stratification.

    other:

    Article Title: Systemic inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV.
    Article Snippet: Please cite this article as: MaryElizabeth SimkevichBA , Yi-Yun ChenMD MSc , Melanie ParentMSc , Yash PatelMD , Syed Hashim BokhariMPH MSHCM , Lan JiangMSc , Gerald BloomfieldMD , James L RudolphMD MS , John McGearyPhD , Gaurav ChoudhuryMD , Wen-Chih WuMD MPH , Sebhat ErqouMD PhD , Systemic inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV, American Heart Journal (2026), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.. 2026.107399

    Functional Assay:

    Article Title: Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers-A Translational Perspective.
    Article Snippet: .. As a provisional research framework, we propose a functional biomarker hierarchy in which sST2 reflects dynamic myocardial stress and remodeling, Galectin-3 denotes residual fibrotic activity, and GDF-15 serves as a systemic stress and adaptation index. ..

    Activity Assay:

    Article Title: Epicardial Fat and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes: Metabolism, Imaging and Novel Biomarkers-A Translational Perspective.
    Article Snippet: .. As a provisional research framework, we propose a functional biomarker hierarchy in which sST2 reflects dynamic myocardial stress and remodeling, Galectin-3 denotes residual fibrotic activity, and GDF-15 serves as a systemic stress and adaptation index. ..

    Diagnostic Assay:

    Article Title: Toward Precision in Myocardial Injury Management: A Critical Synthesis and the C.A.L.I.B.R.A.T.E. Framework for Biomarker Integration
    Article Snippet: ACC/AHA heart failure guidelines multi-marker approach , NPs for diagnosis/prognosis; troponins for risk stratification; consideration of sST2, galectin-3 as adjuncts , Risk stratification and prognostication in chronic and acute HF , Does not provide structured cognitive framework for integration; therapeutic actionability of novel markers remains unclear , Provides structured, stepwise reasoning pathway (C → A → L → I → B → R → A → T → E); mandates Adjunctive Test integration; emphasizes Time kinetics. .. JACC heart failure multi-biomarker panels , Panels combining NPs, troponins, sST2, galectin-3, GDF-15 , Refined prognostic stratification; identification of high-risk phenotypes , Prognostic but not diagnostic; lacks therapeutic guidance; cost-effectiveness concerns , Focuses on diagnostic phenotyping and mechanism identification (“I” component); bridges diagnosis and therapy through contextual synthesis. .. HEART Score/EDACS , Clinical variables (History, ECG, Age, Risk factors) ± troponin , Risk stratification for suspected ACS in emergency department , Designed for ACS risk stratification only; does not incorporate multi-marker integration or imaging , Incorporates full spectrum of myocardial injury etiologies; integrates multi-modal data including advanced imaging.



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    Effect of obesity and sex on the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 <t>(sST2).</t> Fasting serum concentrations of ( A ) IL-33, ( C ) sST2 and ( E ) IL-33/sST2 in normal-weight (NW-NG) volunteers ( n = 22), patients with obesity with normoglycemia (OB-NG) ( n = 24) and with obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (OB-T2D) ( n = 27). Circulating concentrations of ( B ) IL-33, ( D ) sST2 and ( F ) IL-33/sST2 in males ( n = 26) and females ( n = 47) volunteers. Data are mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s tests or by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test as appropriate. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001
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    Image Search Results


    Effect of obesity and sex on the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). Fasting serum concentrations of ( A ) IL-33, ( C ) sST2 and ( E ) IL-33/sST2 in normal-weight (NW-NG) volunteers ( n = 22), patients with obesity with normoglycemia (OB-NG) ( n = 24) and with obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (OB-T2D) ( n = 27). Circulating concentrations of ( B ) IL-33, ( D ) sST2 and ( F ) IL-33/sST2 in males ( n = 26) and females ( n = 47) volunteers. Data are mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s tests or by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test as appropriate. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001

    Journal: Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Dual and context-dependent role of the interleukin-33/soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 axis in obesity and adipose tissue inflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-026-01454-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of obesity and sex on the circulating levels of interleukin (IL)-33 and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2). Fasting serum concentrations of ( A ) IL-33, ( C ) sST2 and ( E ) IL-33/sST2 in normal-weight (NW-NG) volunteers ( n = 22), patients with obesity with normoglycemia (OB-NG) ( n = 24) and with obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (OB-T2D) ( n = 27). Circulating concentrations of ( B ) IL-33, ( D ) sST2 and ( F ) IL-33/sST2 in males ( n = 26) and females ( n = 47) volunteers. Data are mean ± SEM. Differences between groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s tests or by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test as appropriate. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001

    Article Snippet: Circulating concentrations of IL-33 (D3300B) and sST2 (DST200) were quantified using commercial ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Two Tailed Test

    The increased circulating levels of IL-33 in obesity together the decrease in its soluble decoy receptor sST2 may be potentially enhancing IL-33 bioactivity. In addition, gene and protein expression levels of IL-33 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are upregulated in obesity in both adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells. IL-33 modulates adipocyte function by upregulating both anti-inflammatory mediators ( ADIPOQ , ITLN1 and IL13 ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF , IL8 ). Under inflammatory conditions, such as LPS stimulation, IL-33 attenuates excessive pro-inflammatory responses and promotes protective adipokine expression in visceral adipocytes. In THP-1-derived macrophages, adipocyte-derived factors suppress IL33 expression, whereas IL-33 attenuates macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and enhances IL4 expression only in the context of adipocyte-conditioned medium. Together, these findings suggest the dual and context-dependent nature of IL-33 in obesity, acting as a compensatory mediator to maintain tissue homeostasis while potentially contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation when elevated chronically. ADIPOQ, adiponectin; IL , interleukin; ITLN1 , omentin; TNF , tumor necrosis factor α

    Journal: Molecular Medicine

    Article Title: Dual and context-dependent role of the interleukin-33/soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 axis in obesity and adipose tissue inflammation

    doi: 10.1186/s10020-026-01454-z

    Figure Lengend Snippet: The increased circulating levels of IL-33 in obesity together the decrease in its soluble decoy receptor sST2 may be potentially enhancing IL-33 bioactivity. In addition, gene and protein expression levels of IL-33 in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are upregulated in obesity in both adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction cells. IL-33 modulates adipocyte function by upregulating both anti-inflammatory mediators ( ADIPOQ , ITLN1 and IL13 ) and pro-inflammatory cytokines ( TNF , IL8 ). Under inflammatory conditions, such as LPS stimulation, IL-33 attenuates excessive pro-inflammatory responses and promotes protective adipokine expression in visceral adipocytes. In THP-1-derived macrophages, adipocyte-derived factors suppress IL33 expression, whereas IL-33 attenuates macrophage pro-inflammatory activation and enhances IL4 expression only in the context of adipocyte-conditioned medium. Together, these findings suggest the dual and context-dependent nature of IL-33 in obesity, acting as a compensatory mediator to maintain tissue homeostasis while potentially contributing to chronic low-grade inflammation when elevated chronically. ADIPOQ, adiponectin; IL , interleukin; ITLN1 , omentin; TNF , tumor necrosis factor α

    Article Snippet: Circulating concentrations of IL-33 (D3300B) and sST2 (DST200) were quantified using commercial ELISA kits (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) according to manufacturer’s instructions.

    Techniques: Expressing, Derivative Assay, Activation Assay